Error and Result<T>)To build a robust, maintainable, and developer-friendly application, we established a unified error handling system. The core is a custom enum Error and a global type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>.
tracing)A robust logging system is the foundation of observability, essential for debugging, performance monitoring, and audit trails. Our project uses the most advanced tracing framework in the Rust ecosystem to build a high-performance, structured, and configurable logging system.
Middleware is a core mechanism for processing HTTP requests in our application. It allows us to execute common, reusable operations (logging, authentication, permission checks) before or after the request reaches the final business handler.
ApiResponse<T>To ensure consistent, predictable API interfaces and smooth frontend-backend collaboration, we implemented a standardized API response structure called ApiResponse<T>.
WebPath)To build a scalable, maintainable, and automatable Web application, we designed a declarative routing system based on the WebPath struct, instead of directly using Axum's Router in a scattered way.
VForm<T>)When handling form submissions, we need not only to parse data from the request but also to validate that data (checking required fields, email format, string length, etc.).
VJson<T>)In modern decoupled web applications, JSON is the primary data exchange format. When the backend receives a JSON request body, we not only need to deserialize it into Rust structs but also validate the data.
VQuery<T>)When handling GET requests, we often extract parameters from URL query strings for pagination, sorting, and filtering (e.g., /users?page_num=1&page_size=20).